If you asked a man in the street in Turkey what racism means, you would probably receive a vague answer and some random examples rather than a conceptual definition. These examples most probably would refer to other countries, like the United States and European countries, but not Turkey at all!
For us, racism is what the white man did to the black man. Racism is just an image for us haunting our memories from the film “Roots”. It is the picture of the white man who was whipping a black guy: “Say your name nigger”, “My name is Kunta Kinte”, “Your name is Toby boy”, until at last, after hours of lashing, Kunta Kinte gives in and says “my name is Toby sir!” This is the only form of racism we know.
I have never come across any Turkish person who considers himself a racist. However, racist remarks are just flying in the air in the daily conversations in this country. Our language is full of racist remarks. For example, Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party, is called an “Armenian seed” (Ermeni Dölü). If you consider how much Öcalan is hated in this country then you can imagine how “flattering” being an “Armenian seed” may be. “Jews are cowards!” “Arabs are back stabbing people”! Not to mention very offensive vocabulary about the Roma people!
I observe that Turkish people who use racist remarks either as a part of their ultranationalist identity or inadvertently, as a part of their protest against the “games of Imperialist” powers in this country, also have a strong sense of being a victim. They are Kunta Kintes, not the white guy who has the whip in his hand! All this anger and hate arises from this feeling of being the victim – a victim of imperialism, a victim of conspiracies! Where does this distorted identity come from? We have never been colonized, never been captured, none of the Turkish states formed on this territory have been broken up by foreign forces ever! On the contrary, the Ottoman Empire once was the most powerful and feared political entity on the planet!
I do not want to explain at length or analyze the Turkish identity (not in this article at least) but would like to say that being the victim is so deeply rooted in our identities that we cannot consider ourselves as violators. For example, most Turks think we were stabbed in the back by the Greeks, Bulgarians, Romanians and others who declared their independence from the Ottoman Empire. It is very strange, is not it, that a nation that puts so much emphasis on its own independence is so angry with the Ottoman Empire's ex-subjects for their separation from the Empire and for their declarations of independence.
I believe this feeling of ‘being a victim' serves as a kind of block in our collective unconscious. It is a way of turning upside down some historical facts in this country. It is a way of not confronting what had happened to non-Muslim citizens of this country. “I am the victim, not the Armenian, or Greek, or Jew!” Today we still have this feeling and it is getting stronger. We are again the victims of the Western powers' conspiracies against us! We are the Kunta Kintes of the modern times, surrounded by enemies and about to be victimized again by the white man! Are we really!?
Q&A How is the “hate speech” regulated by the Turkish Law?
As I explained in my previous articles for this column, we have a serious problem of “hate speech” in Turkey, especially directed toward minorities. We have an article in the Turkish Penal Code, which punishes incitement to hatred, Article 216 which replaced Article 312 of the former Penal Code. Article 216 reads as follows: (1) A person who openly incites groups of the population to breed enmity or hatred towards one another based on social class, race, religion, sect or regional difference in a manner, which might constitute a clear and imminent danger to public order shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of one to three years.
(2) A person who openly denigrates part of the population on grounds of social class, race, religion, sect, gender or regional differences shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of six months to one year.
(3) A person who openly denigrates the religious values of a part of the population shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of six months to one year in the case that the act is likely to disturb public peace.
I have never witnessed the application of this article to punish ‘hate speech' directed against the minorities. Instead it has been systematically applied to punish those who claim that in Turkey there are minorities or different ‘peoples' other than Turks. By saying this they are supposed to be ‘inciting hatred' within the society! But I have never seen this article pressed by prosecutors against those who really incite hatred towards Protestants, Armenians, Greeks, Jews and others! We Turks are the only Kunta Kintes in the world!
He makes accusations that Turks are racist, by citing examples like "Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party, is called an “Armenian seed” (Ermeni Dölü)". From the friends in Turkey that our AGH team knows, and of course the Turkish members of the AGH team, who have visited Turkey numerous times or live there, we know that not in the news or in the streets or among friends do Turks call Abdullah Öcalan as an "Armenian seed", and it appears to be a rare insult, and even the term for seed used "Döl" is even uncommon. An assumption can be made that the writer of the article heard it once by a friend, and then automatically assumed every Turk uses the insult and automatically is a racist.
Another example:
However, considering a lot of Turks are very religious, they cannot help but respect their Arab "brothers". Of course there are just as many if not more Turks today who really don't like the Arabs because they are exporting their extreme version of Islam into Turkey and corrupting their people to wear head-scarves and commit horrible primitive crimes like "honor killings" etc. This is all a result of Iran and Saudi Arabia's export of their extreme versions of Sunni and Shia religions.
Turks however, have absolutely no hate or anger for Bulgarians or Romanians. The Bulgarians were allied with the Ottomans in WWI, so I don't see where Orhan's assumptions are coming from. The only hate between Greeks and Turks is usually minor anger over territorial tensions in the past 70 years, as well as the Cyprus conflict where Greeks seem to not care about the Turkish Cypriots who suffered. However, even in the last earthquake of 1999 in Istanbul, Greeks sent over aid and workers to help the Turks, and even Greek troops were allowed to play war games on Turkish land. So the hate between Greeks and Turks is mostly over, though some uneducated people might continue to infest their hate on others.
As we can see here, Orhan Kemal Cengiz has absolutely minimal knowledge of history. It is safe to assume that we should be careful when Orhan Kemal Cengiz tells us stories.
Of course Orhan Kemal Cengiz ends his article with a diatribe of more disinformation and political diatribe:
Orhan Kemal Cengiz, seems to be extremely hateful and racist himself towards Turks in his article, by making assumptions, by fabricating rumors about Turks, and exaggerating Turkish behavior. It seems like his perspective is exactly identical to Armenian writers who create diatribes about Turkish hate and Turkish people to portray them as "evil" or "genocidal maniacs" or "barbarians" all to further push their point of view of the Armenian Genocide allegations. It is indeed possible that Orhan Kemal Cengiz is actually a nickname of an Armenian activist who is trying to push a political and nationalistic agenda that "Turks are inherently evil".
This generalization of Turks by Orhan Kemal Cengiz, is the ultimate form of propaganda. This propaganda works excellently because it might even convince some Turks that are unfamiliar with politics and history that the Turks have "issues" facing facts. It is written with a Turkish name, so the reader might assume, that it is probably true (establishing credibility). Then uses historical references that though are inaccurate, are mixed with half-truths, in order to convince the reader of his conclusion. He then uses examples to portray Turks as racists and hateful beings, and perhaps a Turk may have heard an example he provides once in his lifetime, then he might think "Well maybe he's right!" Even the article title "Denial of Racism" seems to show that Orhan Kemal Cengiz is most likely Armenian, since Denialism, denial, denier, and denialist, are the favorite words from Armenians who are trying to convince the world that the Turks are "denying the facts". Usually Armenians use phrases like "revisionist" or "denialist" to describe anyone who disagrees with their point of view.
A little bit of research of Orhan Kemal Cengiz reveals his many other Anti-Turkish and disinformation articles. Statements like this:
Of course, the real purpose of this statement is to criticize Turkey, and to pretend that anyone who speaks critically of Turkey or it's government will be under a conspiracy of prosecutions of censorship. It is something continuously used by Armenian propagandists in order to make Turkey seem undemocratic, while at the same time they hide their own countries election-cheatings, parliamentary terrorist attacks, their own misuse of civil rights, the fact that minorities cannot hold office in Armenia, the fact that minorities are almost non-existent in Armenia, and of course their own terrible deeds of massacres and invasion of Azerbaijan.
A quick look at other websites, it appears that many others suspect him of being a racist Armenian (not to say that Armenians are racist, they are good people, so please do not assume I am generalizing), with quotes like
Another group of bloggers also seems to have met him in Turkey, and suspect him of criminal acts against Muslims. So one must wonder who exactly is, Orhan Kemal Cengiz, and why he makes such absurd claims about Turks; it brings into question his implied credibility that he is a normal average Turk living in Turkey. Now the suspicions of criminal acts are not conclusive and may as well has nothing to do with reality, but the possibility that he has, should not be discounted.
Orhan Kemal Cengiz is a propagandist, it is possible that his background is not of Turkish Muslim, and thus one should not assume that he is engaging in self-criticism but in criticism of groups that he dislikes or hates. His use of his Turkish name to promote self-criticism implies that he has alternative motives to promote anti-Turkism. One should not assume that he is a legitimate person with a clearer perspective on the issue based on his name. Furthermore, it should be assumed that because of the absurdity of his claims and arguments, that he most likely has a sense of hatred for Turks, this is speculation based on the arguments and statements he has made in his article.
It is important to note that Orhan Kemal Cengiz, may not be who he wants you to think he is. It may explain the harsh and exaggerated statements made in his article, and thus one should not assume that he is simply observant of Turkish society, but that he is using his observations to draw unfounded conclusions to promote a nationalistic or political agenda.
Turkish Observer
Orhan Kemal writes:
-- "Our language is full of racist remarks."
Every language contains racist remarks, because every nation has racist people. That does not mean that an entire nation is racist, however.
-- "For example, Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party, is called an “Armenian seed” (Ermeni Dölü)."
Ocalan is seen as a traitor, as are Armenians due to the massacred Turks and rebellious activity in WWI to try to create their own state. This expression is not a typical expression, used in daily life. Attempts to relate "Armenian-ness" with Ocalan is not derogatory to Armenians, but is a descriptor of his treason. While it may be difficult for Westerners to understand, the fact that Armenians slaughtered hundreds of thousands of Turks between 1914-1920, gives them a bad name in the same way that the word "Nazi" gives Westerners bad vibes.
-- “Jews are cowards!”
I've never heard this one.
-- “Arabs are back stabbing people”!
I agree with the explanation give by AGH on this one.
-- "I observe that Turkish people who use racist remarks either as a part of their ultranationalist identity or inadvertently, as a part of their protest against the “games of Imperialist” powers in this country, also have a strong sense of being a victim. They are Kunta Kintes, not the white guy who has the whip in his hand! All this anger and hate arises from this feeling of being the victim – a victim of imperialism, a victim of conspiracies! Where does this distorted identity come from? We have never been colonized, never been captured, none of the Turkish states formed on this territory have been broken up by foreign forces ever! On the contrary, the Ottoman Empire once was the most powerful and feared political entity on the planet!"
The Ottomans WERE the most powerful empire, but about 400 years ago. In our most recent history, the Ottoman Empire was crumbling, failing to take care of her own citizens, rife with unreast, and unable to deal with the insurrections within. The Balkans fell to the Slavs and Greeks, causing a huge influx of refugees. The 1912 Balkan wars caused more Turks to flee the area back to Anatolia, and many were massacred as this victorious Slavs strove to ethnically cleanse and Slavify the area. This left only a pocketful of Turks in Bosnia, Albania, Greece and Bulgaria. Mosques were destroyed, evidence of Ottoman history wiped out. In Hungary, a church was built over the memorial of where Sultan Suleyman died. You won't find any remnants of Ottoman architecture, they've been wiped out. Greece denies the very Turkishness of the Western Thracians, who they call "Muslim Greeks." Bulgarian Turks were persecuted in 1980, resulting in another wave of migration to Turkey. On the eastern front, Turks in the Caususes were also driven back, and the plight of the Iraqi Turkmen under Saddam and the Kurdish regime is well-known, at least in Turkey. There is a feeling of loss, of being unable to protect one's own family. And the feeling gets worse because Istanbul was occupied by the British, Western Turkey was overrun by Greece, Southern Turkey occupied by France, and Northeastern Turkey invaded by Russians and Armenians. Were it not for a miracle, the Turkish Indpendence War, the nation would be relegated to Serves, a shadow, a ghost of what Turkey is today. We would not even have Anatolia as a safe haven, and a majority of the Turkish population would be ruled by a foreign power. In the process of all this turmoil, 2.5 MILLION MUSLIMS WERE KILLED (1914-1923). That is a huge loss of life, and we barely saved ourselves from annihilation. So why do we feel like we are victims? BECAUSE WE WERE, BUT THE WEST - WHO CAUSED ALL THIS LOSS AND PAIN - DENY THIS, STILL HATING US FOR BEING MUSLIM AND TURKISH. But we don't forget..
And as far as article 301 is concerned; there are many Turks who feel the law is misapplied. But again this is a voice Orhan Kemal fails to hear.
Orhan Kemal is described by Amnesty International as a "lawyer, human rights defender and newspaper columnist." He should be reminded that furthering human rights is NOT accomplished by gross generalizations and by accussations which clearly reflect that the author has no understanding of the very nation he claims to live in. Human rights is furthered by working WITH fellow citizens to weed out the "bad weeds" - not by claiming the whole field is nothing but weeds.
There may be racists in Turkey, but Orhan Kemal has fallen much below the bar required to prove that Turkey is racist.
I wonder, what does he hope to accomplish by prejudicially labeling an entire nation?
Turkish Observer
My next comment is to AGH. Your initial rebuttals about the misinformation presented in Orhan Kemal's article is good. But your subsequent "analysis" and derogatory outlook on Orhan Kemal's ethnicity and religion in and of itself only provides an example of racism itself, and you therefore, defeat your own purpose.
AGH wrote: "Orhan Kemal Cengiz, seems to be extremely hateful and racist himself towards Turks in his article, by making assumptions, by fabricating rumors about Turks, and exaggerating Turkish behavior."
Making wrong assumptions and exaggerations is not necessarily a sign of hatred, but one of misconstrued logic. Of trying to mold facts to fit a story. Thus, I understand why AGH would be interested in examining Orhan Kemal's "real intentions." But the fact is that if you go down this path, you will end up only bashing ones person, rather than providing informative counter-arguments to the misinformative statements. In other words, it is a path that leads you to make the same mistakes as Orhan Kemal, and leads you away from scientific, logical analysis.
-- "It seems like his perspective is exactly identical to Armenian writers who create diatribes about Turkish hate and Turkish people to portray them as "evil" or "genocidal maniacs" or "barbarians" all to further push their point of view of the Armenian Genocide."
So what? Let's not mix apples with oranges.
-- "It is indeed possible that Orhan Kemal Cengiz is actually a nickname of an Armenian activist who is trying to push a political and nationalistic agenda that "Turks are inherently evil"."
Sure, it is also possible for aliens to invade earth, but what good is possibilities without proof?
-- "A quick look at other websites, it appears that many others suspect him of being a racist Armenian (not to say that Armenians are racist, they are good people, so please do not assume I am generalizing)..."
Who care's what other people "suspect" - again, don't deviate from facts. The moment you do so, any judgements derived from suspicions only leads to unfounded speculation.
-- "Another group of bloggers also seems to have met him in Turkey, and suspect him of criminal acts."
Again, without facts to back up such statements, this is nothing but mudslinging.
-- "Apparently, he was also involved in being a defense lawyer for Christian missionaries, because of his own Christian Protestant background. Seems there are a lot of dark skeletons in Orhan Kemal Cengiz's closet."
Yes, he is a defense lawer for Protestant Christian organizations. So what? He may have Christian background, and this may affect his perseption of certain issues in Turkey, but I'd hardly call that a "dark skeleton." In fact, refering to one's religion as a dark skeleton is in itself a racist statement.
-- "Conclusion: Orhan Kemal Cengiz is a propagandist, most likely of Armenian descent, and is known to be a Protestant Christian with some deep hatred of Turks and Islam."
You have given no proof that he is a propagandist, is Armenian or Christian. And even if he were, what difference does it make? Reasonable people should reply to the statements in his article, not resort to personal attack. Unless you can prove he is the member of a propaganda organization, these aspects only show his point of view, and cannot be used to discredit his article.
-- "He is giving a bad name to Armenians and to Christians and should not be listened to simply because he has a Turkish name."
Again, irrelevant. Let's stick to facts.
My CONCLUSION: Orhan Kemal's article contains gross generalizations of the Turkish people, misconstrues and exxagerates the statements of individuals, and shows that he has no understanding at all of Turkish history, and very litle of society in general for that matter. The factual aspects of AGH's rebuttal, especially visavis the historical issues, is quite good, but the subsequent remarks about Orhan Kemal as a person are themselves racist and borderline paranoic. Let's stick to facts and positive defense of our nation, rather than repeat the same mistakes of those we criticize.
No where was AGH racist
No where was AGH racist towards ones' religion or beliefs. What we established was the possibilities that one may not have thought about, such as him being an Armenian activist intent on proving the Turks as an 'evil ethnicity'.
There is nothing wrong with being a Christian Protestant, and nothing of that sort was implied by the article. It said that this would explain his sympathy for Armenian propaganda and very obvious attacks on Turks, because he might be a Christian. It is pure speculation, but is backed up by the gross exaggerations made by Orhan. It's a skeleton in his closet because he seems to pretend he is a normal Turk with no unique characteristics and yet he's criticizing Turks and pretending to be self-critical of his own nation, when he is an outside party.
This is a forum article, hence why it is laced with point of view and speculation. The user is welcome to draw his own conclusion. If you're worried about speculation and point-of-view, then you should indeed become a Wikipedian, because wikipedia is filled to the top with speculation.
"In fact, refering to one's religion as a dark skeleton is in itself a racist statement."
It is a dark skeleton in context to the fact that he is promoting hatred against Turkish Muslims. And of course, if we assume all this from an outside perspective, with the idea that he is a Turkish Muslim himself, we would take his word for it. However, if one were to know that he is indeed a Christian, then it is possible for him to be anti-Islamic or anti-Turkish if he identifies himself with some other group. However, why don't you note the many statements said in the article that DISCOURAGE racism and prejudice: "not to say that Armenians are racist, they are good people, so please do not assume I am generalizing".
The article speculated on his background, and the possibility of him having alternative points of view. It is speculation, some may claim unfounded but there is quite a lot of evidence in his initial arguments.
Now you're right that speculation is wrong, but this is a forum, and we are discussing whether he is or he isn't. I will edit the article because of your suggestions and advice.
Post new comment